Dijkstra's algorithm named after Dutch computer scientist Edsger Dijkstra who discovered it in 1956 and published in 1959.
What is it?
- it is a graph search algorithm. It means when you want to use it, you have to have a graph (map) of the world. Edges of the graph can not have negative cost.
What it does?
- finds a shortest path from a single source to a single destination. Since the alg. useses costs, the shortest path means the path with the lowest cost.
Note:
- graph consists of nodes (vertexes) and edges. In this alg. there has to be assigned a cost for every edge.
Example of use:
- we are located at the position A and want to move to position Z. If there other positions {B,C,D,....} between our start and end possition with a differenct distances, we can use Dijkstra's algorithm to find the shortest path from A to Z. Distances between every position would be the costs of the edges of the graph and positions would be vertexes (nodes).
Practial usage:
- Dijkstra's algorithm is in real life used by CISCO routers when using link-state routing protocols - OSPF, IS-IS. Physical position of the router represents a vertex and paths between specific networks represent edges. To each path is given a cost - how good or bad the connetion is, and the value of cost is propagated between routers. Each router informs other routes about the costs he knows.
Useful link:
This page contains excelent materials about not only Dijkstra's algorithm.
Pseudocode:
How to get the shortest path?
Demo
The demo below demonstrates how Dijkstra's algorithm works. There are 2 white rectangles. The left one is the start position and the right one is the position we want to get. Obviously there is also an obstacle between them so the algorithm has to find the way around it.
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